Tucson Citizen.com

Saving Ethnic Studies With My Tucson Homeys

by on Dec. 29, 2011, under Uncategorized

(WRITER’S NOTE: This piece pertains to actions in San Diego regarding the banning of Ethnic Studies in Arizona. I share it to let people in my home state know that this issue has resonated far beyond the borders of the Sonoran Desert. It was written in hopes that the situation will eventually be resolved in an honorable way wherein justice is served.)

Saving Ethnic Studies is my latest enterprise because my home state, Arizona, just can’t shed itself of Jim Crow kind of thinking, going back to long before I was born and all through my growing up in Tucson in the 40′s and 50′s. Then the 60′s came along and the state had to sing a different song. But Jim Crowness doesn’t go away easily.

Someone came up with the idea of honoring Martin Luther King and His Dream with a holiday and Arizonans screamed “No way!” Yet it happened and I thought that signaled that my beloved state had begun to see the way.

But along came SB1070, a law that basically gives cops of every stripe and kind the authority to profile Latinos. And before I could go “What?” Ethnic Studies, via HB2281, were banned in the Grand Canyon State.

To me what has happened is particularly sad because the central target of this injustice is the Mexican American Studies Program at Tucson High, my alma mater. A place I love dearly. Their curriculum is one of the best of its kind in the land. It’s like Arizona can summon Jim Crow mentality on command.

What an abuse of power, an attempt to get brown citizens to toe the line, to be American but by “The Man’s” definition of what that means. They talk of the academic gap between Blacks and Browns and students of other ethnic backgrounds and then ignore facts like: how MAS students are making measurable differences compared to other like groups; how juniors taking the courses are more likely than their peers to pass reading and writing tests if they had previously failed those tests in their sophomore year, and how seniors are more likely to graduate than their peers. The dropout rate in the program is 2.5 percent as opposed to 56 percent nationally.

Such accomplishments mean nothing to the powers that be. Tom Horne, now the attorney general, vowed when he was the Arizona superintendent of public instruction to eliminate the Tucson School Districts’ Mexican American Program and his successor, John Huppenthal, ran on a platform of eliminating “Raza Studies” in Arizona and Jan Brewer signed their sinister wishes into law.

I’ve been in close contact with my high school over the years, a proud member of its Hall of Fame, a speaker at the Class of 2000 graduation, one who drops by every now and then when I’m in town to get a feel for what’s going on and I know from all I’ve heard and seen just how dynamic a learning environment Mexican American Studies students have enjoyed. The lessons, so relevant to their very lives, have excited them and turned them on to higher learning.

They’ve learned to embrace the diversity inherent in their society; they’ve learned about who they are, where they’ve been, how they fit in and the haters deride their lessons as “promoting resentment of other races.” They’ve learned how to better serve their communities, their towns and their state and their country, their world. But Arizona politicians see this as “promoting the overthrow of the government.”

The school district offers them no support and the students with no recourse took over a a school board meeting a while back. At the next meeting they were met with massive police force. So good luck on overthrowing the government and we can only hope that resentment of other races doesn’t rise up in their impressionable souls as a result of how they’ve been treated by the “system.”

What it comes down to is there is a significant number of so called representatives of “the people” who don’t want Latino kids to understand that knowledge is truly power and start feeling “uppity” and equal to THEM.

But I’m working with eleven Tucson Unified School District teachers administrators and students who are suing Arizona to bring back Ethnic Studies. And I’m asking people who care for justice to come together for the rights of all children to enjoy learning experiences that help them to learn about their heritage along with the histories of others. Join us when we show PRECIOUS KNOWLEDGE, a powerful documentary that tells the story of how Mexican American Studies are changing students’ lives on:

Saturday, February 25, 2012
at 2:00 PM
at the Lincoln High School Theater
4777 Imperial Avenue

Bring friends, a $10 donation, a checkbook and a commitment to spread the story and support the cause!

More in Tucson Life and Heritage:

The Bee Gees

  • Tip O’Neill

    Thanks – Arizona can use all the help we can get.

    • Ernie McCray

      My pleasure.

  • Pretty Funny

    Pretty funny, how much credibility one loses when whipping out the “Jim Crow” references. Especially when one attempts to apply it in defense of one’s own segregationist agenda…

    • Pretty Funny

      Sorry, that should read “…when one attempts to apply them in defense…”

    • Ernie McCray

      So how should I approach the problem and just what is my segregationist agenda so I can know?

      • Pretty Funny

        Defining “Mexican American” would be a good start. What does it mean? Does a “Mexican American” possess dual citizenship in two distinct nations? I suspect that in the vast majority of cases the answer is no. I happen to be of Irish descent, but I’m not “Irish American.” I’m American. That’s what I mean by segregationist agenda. And I’m not singling you out. It’s La Raza, Three Sonorans, George Lopez, and all the others who spout the same tired rhetoric. “We NEED this to develop” etc. I say BALOGNA! I suspect that what is actually desired is more representation of the Latino contribution to American society in American studies classes. That would be a more logical approach IMHO. Why isn’t there an “Irish American” studies? Why don’t I fight for it? Because my ancestors came here to assimilate into this society, to become part of it, to make it a part of them. Not to turn it into “West Ireland” or to make babies and live off of Uncle Sam’s good graces. I’ve said this before, and I’m sure I’ll say it again: Make yourself a part, or make yourself apart. One cannot set oneself apart from a society and at the same time legitimately or logically demand/expect to be accepted into that society. On a related note, at my college we had an entire department devoted to the Study of Women and Men in Society (SWMS). Ever been to one of those classes? If not, why not? What is your mental image of the subject matter and the delivery? I’m sure you’re aware of the stereotype. Now, set aside your insider mask and try to view a Mexican American Studies class from a non-Latino point of view. I’ll wait…

        • Tip O’Neill

          Viewed from a non-Latino point of view I think they are a good idea. It isn’t “segregationist” to want to see yourself represented in US history, and what is taught in most schools is whitewashed.

          • Ernie McCray

            Amen and Hallelujah!

          • Pretty Funny

            Which was part of my point. Go back and reread, to see if you can pick it up…

        • leftfield

          “…or to make babies and live off of Uncle Sam’s good graces.”

          Please stop and think about what stereotype you just reinforced (probably unintentionally) with this phrase.  Now, imagine you hear this type of message directed at you by the dominant culture repeatedly throughout your young life.  Imagine what this might do to your self-image and self esteem and how it might effect your ability to “make yourself a part” vs. feeling “apart” from a society.  Now, in contrast, imagine yourself, after years of hearing and seeing negative portrayals of people who look like you and live where you do, suddenly being exposed to a new persepctive; one that exposes you to positive images of those same people.  Think that would make a difference in making you feel like you really belonged and your presence as a part of society was valued?  Don’t you think that is something worth doing?

          • Pretty Funny

            A valid point, leftfield. I thought about not putting that statement in, and then struggled afterward. It is quite an inflaming thought/statement, the whole “I’ll travel across the inhospitable desert whilst pregnant in order to have my baby in an American hospital so it will be American and be taken care of” concept. Who in their right minds would perform such a heinous act? What other country would allow such a concept to come to fruition? I guess we could contact the US Border Patrol and see just how many do. At least the ones who get caught… And I do hear it every day. If I may paraphrase Descartes, “I am white, therefore I am racist.” I’m sure that means nothing to you, other than “Yeah, see how it feels?” Let’s try to get past this. Shall I tell you about my application to the Los Angeles Fire Department sometime?

  • Ernie McCray

    I’m a black man so I have viewed Mexican American Studies from a non-Latino point of view and what I see is beauty, beauty in young people seeing themselves included, seeing how they can assimilate without being left behind, seeing a larger picture, a different way of seeing. I’m not Latino as neither or you but our commonalities are more than our differences. We’re human beings simple and first of all with all that that means. This is what our young people learn when they are exposed to a wide range of ways of looking at matters.
    And I think an Irish American Studies curriculum would be great, showing a people’s struggle to assimilate, showing what the journey has been like in this society; it’s quite a story. I got my last name, McCray, from Irish Americans who owned tons of people like me, my ancestors. Florida is full of black McCrays but that’s just a wee part of the story. All of our stories have value; all of them are interesting; all of them have much to glorify and much to be ashamed of but when we learn from more accurate portrayals of our history we’re better suited to making positive changes. That’s what education itself is all about, preparing people to be better people. The better we are the more likely we, no matter what our ethnicity, will seek a just world where everyone feels they have a place. That’s all I’ve ever striven for; that’s why I wrote this piece. That’s why I’m involved in reversing this travesty, this banning of lessons, this attempt to hold people down.
    Another little side note: I watched friends of mine launch Women Studies at San Diego State University and I’ve seen how it’s contributed to a better city. I’ve taken part in the women’s movement as an activist, as an educator, as an actor, poet… partly in behalf of one of the most beautiful human beings I’ve ever known, my mother, a woman who contributed to the Old Pueblo, a black woman. I’ve shared thoughts of her on this website under From the Soul. Check it out and thanks for your sharing.

  • common sense

    way to go “pretty funny”.   glad to see “ethnic studies” has been seen for what it is… Hogwash! 

    • Ernie McCray

      And it is Hogwash because:
      a.  you say it is;
      b.  the data that says its turning students on is grossly inaccurate;
      c.  the state of Arizona has declared it so;
      d.  it was created by an educator who doesn’t know what he’s doing;
      e.  the students featured in the documentary, “Precious Knowledge” are not to be
           believed.  
      What? Why?
       

  • Harold

    Are you serious? Have you even heard what is being taught in some of these ethnic studies programs? My best friend enrolled one offered in El Paso, Texas. He was taught about how this land was all Mexican, how it was prosperous, how the “whites” took over with war, and how they forced people out of their homes and how it was his duty to reclaim his homeland for his people.

    So you can claim otherwise, but now the judiciary and many non-whites including myself are seeing this “ethnic studies” program as nothing more than la raza propaganda. You seem to forget that Mexicans are also european descended and were there no european colonization, the mayans would have been slaughtered by the apache if they tried to take the land where California is.

    You ask why there is a whitewash of history taught in school, have you possibly thought this was a white country? the majority of it founded and built by white people? I wouldn’t go to Japan and expect them to teach about Korean or Malaysian history.

    I am all for spanish immersion classes, all for learning about the positive contributions of the great hispanic-americans in our country, but I am against a bunch of impressionable hispanic youth being taught they were somehow persecuted and that they need to reclaim their homeland from the whites etc.        

    • Ernie McCray

      “You ask why there is a whitewash of history taught in school, have you possibly thought this was a white country? the majority of it founded and built by white people?”
      You’ve made great points for why Ethnic Studies are desperately needed.

      • randyaz

        Great job at taking his comment out of context and not answering his question, Ernie.

        • Ernie McCray

          How did I take his comment out of context and that was a question? It seemed more like a statement to me more than a question because I can’t believe that somebody would ask me if I thought this was a white country? Hell, no. There are people who would like it to be so. But is just ain’t so. Who cares who built the country? This situation concerns about where different people fit in the picture.

    • leftfield

      “…have you possibly thought this was a white country? the majority of it founded and built by white people?”

      And within that skewed view of American history is part of the problem that Ethnic Studies programs can help correct.  This may be very difficult to understand, but this myth and all the other myths like it that make up the traditional and approved story of America are harmful not just to certain groups of people, but harmful to the progress of the nation and mankind in general.

      • myriad

        “This may be very difficult to understand, but this myth and all the other myths like it that make up the traditional and approved story of America are harmful not just to certain groups of people, but harmful to the progress of the nation and mankind in general.”

        This may be equally difficult to understand, but just because something is framed as a corrective action to a substantive complaint doesn’t make it beyond critique. It’s very telling that a substantial chunk of your opposition have no argument with your point above, except possibly that their conception of the “traditional and approved story of America” is  more liberal than your own.

        Today’s Topic: How To Perpetuate Racism Against Non-Whites
        Method #6 – Special Olympics Psychology
        “Doctor! The patient is exhibiting symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia and pathological levels of hostility. Does he require treatment?”
        “Good God, yes! The man must be in acute distress and is possibly having a detrimental impact on his community! But wait! Is he white?”
        “No, doctor!”
        “Oh, never mind. Symptoms of social dysfunction should be considered perfectly normal and healthy for Those People. In fact, he could help boost sales of my book. See if we can get him to do a workshop.”
        “Right away, comrade…er, I mean doctor.”

        • leftfield

          You are correct, it is very difficult to understand.  In fact, I don’t understand what you are trying to say at all.

          • myriad

            That’s exactly what the timeshare salesman kept saying to me when I tried to explain why his sales presentation didn’t make financial sense. I suspected he was just feigning ignorance, but I began to wonder if it was actually an unconscious coping mechanism.

  • David

    From what I have researched on this subject, it started with the intention of making Mexican American Studies (MAS) mandatory for all students instead of just an elective. I don’t agree with that as maybe my kids want to study African American or Asian American studies. I am all for an ethnic studies, but one should not dominate the other. Second, from the material I have seen in these particular studies, it does nothing more than spews pure hate toward Anglos, which no race has the right to do to another. Again, I support an ethnic studies program, but it must be kept civil and it must be kept an option. The current MAS program they are addressing does neither. In fact, all it does is generate the same radical  and racist views as the KKK and Black Panthers philosophies; which is a far cry from what any ethnic studies program is suppose to do.

    • Ernie McCray

      Please cite for me as close as you can words from “these particular studies” that “does nothing more than spew(s) pure hate toward Anglos.” And the problem with Black Panther Philosophy is:______.

      • randyaz

        “Please cite for me as close as you can words from “these particular studies” that “does nothing more than spew(s) pure hate toward Anglos.” ”

          See below…

  • randyaz

    Please dispute the findings listed below with some facts to the contrary and I’ll take your plea more seriously:FINDING BY THE STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION  OF VIOLATION BY TUCSON UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT PURSUANT TO A.R.S.  § 15-112(B)   (excerpt)

      (section) 5. Written MaterialsAs noted earlier, the name of this course has been Raza Studies or Raza/Mexican American Studies. The very name “Raza” is translated as “the race.” On the TUSD website, it said that the basic text for this program is “the Pedagogy of The Oppressed.” The author is Paulo Frere, a Brazilian Marxist. Most of these students’ parents and grandparents came to this country, legally, because this is the land of opportunity. They trust the public schools with their children. Those students should be taught that this is the land of opportunity, and that if they work hard they can achieve their goals. They should not be taught that they are oppressed.During the hearings of the Senate Judiciary Committee on the Ethnic Studies bill, the school sent a number of students to testify how much they loved Ethnic Studies. A senator asked a girl whether she could have learned the things she spoke about in other courses. She responded: “No, before I took this course, I didn’t realize that I was oppressed. Now that took this course, I realize that I am oppressed.”One of the textbooks is Occupied America (5th ed.). One of the leaders it talks about is described as follows: “José Angel Gutiérrez was one of the leaders, and he expressed the frustrations of the MAYO generation. His contribution was indispensable; it influenced Chicanos throughout the country.”One of Gutiérrez’s speeches is described as follows:We are fed up. We are going to move to do away with the injustices to the Chicano and if the ‘gringo’ doesn’t get out of our way, we will stampede over him.” Gutiérrez attacked the gringo establishment angrily at a press conference and called upon Chicanos to ‘kill the gringo,’ which meant to end white control over Mexicans.The textbook’s translation of what Gutiérrez meant contradicts his clear language. In describing the atmosphere in Texas where Gutiérrez spoke, the textbook states: “Texans had never come to grips with the fact that Mexicans had won at the Alamo.” (P. 323.) It is certainly strange to find a textbook in an American public school taking the Mexican side of the battle at the Alamo.Another textbook is the Mexican American Heritage (2nd ed.).One of the chapters is “The Loss of Aztlan.” Aztlan refers to the states taken from Mexico in 1848: Arizona, California, New Mexico and Colorado. This chapter states: “Apparently the U.S. is having as little success in keeping the Mexicans out of Aztlan as Mexico had when they tried to keep the North Americans out of Texas in 1830.” (P. 107.) In other words, books paid for by American taxpayers used in American public schools are gloating over the difficulty we are having in controlling the border. This page goes on to state: “…the Latinos are now realizing that the power to control Aztlan may once again be in their hands.”Materials for the course include a sheet titled “Chicano Resistance Vocabulary Squares.”The students are given an example of student writing including the sentence “we are slowly taking back Aztlan as our numbers multiply.” The students are taught poems illustrated by the following:“Going Back” – Victor E “El Vhu”We’re going back, back to where we came from, back to where the truth dwells, AZTLAN…,We suffer colonial incarceration so we foster resistance of our own occupation.“Decolonize” – “Aztlan Underground”Some feel this oppression no longer exists Well here’s something they missed – Self D means self determination…Stranger in your own land under exploitation…This is the state of the indigena today…WE DIDN’T CROSS THE BORDERS, THE BORDERS CROSSED US! YET THE SETTLER NATION LIVES IN DISGUST! The American dream only for some WASP – White Anglo Saxon Protestant…the frame of mind that keeps our oppression constant…Cihuatl is reclaiming…We have returned to Aztlan!!! We have returned to Aztlan!!!They are taught an essay called AZTLAN The Lost Land, “The Chicano Homeland” by John R. Chavéz which includes the following:But to Chicanos the Southwest is more than just their place of residence; it is their homeland, their lost homeland to be precise, the conquered northern half of the Mexican nation…In the mind of the Chicanos, this immense territory remains their patrimony…Mexicans are indigenous to and dispossessed of the region…Chicanos view Southwest as an extension of Mexico and Latin America, a Mexican region spreading beyond what is regarded as an artificial boundary.A worksheet in association with this essay has a map at the top showing Aztlan as all of Mexico, and some American States, including Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, California and Nevada. Among the questions asked on this worksheet are: “What are the four areas in the southwest that have had a Mexican cultural and demographic influence since the United States imposed its present boundary on Mexico?…In order for Chicanos to have cultural, political, and economic self-determination, what must Chicanos have control of in order to do so?”In a section of materials called “Conquest and Colonización”, the students are taught “We will see how half of Mexico was ripped off by trickery and violence. We will see how Chicanos became a colonized people. In the process of being colonized, we were robbed of land and other resources.”The students are taught “Critical Race Theory.” A part of the “Critical Race Theory” is defined by the materials taught to the students as follows: “Unlike traditional civil rights, which embraces incrementalism and step-by-step progress, critical race theory questions the very foundation of the liberal order, including equality theory, legal reasoning, Enlightenment rationalism, and neutral principles of constitutional law.”The materials for this class include “A Field Guide for Achieving Equity in School.” These materials include: “We often hear people referred to as being privileged, which usually is a comment pertaining to the individual’s financial or economic status…In Courageous Conversation, however, privilege takes on a different meaning: it refers to the amount of melanin in a person’s skin, hair, and eyes. (This is followed by a table which promulgates racial stereotypes by detailing the differences between “white individualism” “colored group collectivism.”) “White people tend to dominate the conversation by setting the tone for how everyone must talk and which words should be used. All of these “White ways” must be recognized, internalized, and then silently acted on by people of color”. (This is an example, referring to the statute, of subsection 2, “promote resentment toward a race or class of people”)…The aforementioned White cultural characteristics, such as individualism, blur into the consciousness of Whiteness, which becomes not only a way of behaving but also a way of thinking….White people depend on the overwhelming presence of other White people in positions of power and influence to maintain a system of racial advantage. At the same time, many White educators believe that gains in school, as in their own lives, come from individual effort and accomplishment.”At page 200 of these materials, there is a table setting forth in detail the difference between “White Talk” and “Color Commentary.” These materials go on to state: “Anger, guilt, and shame are just a few of the emotions experienced by participants as they move toward greater understanding of Whiteness”. [If one were to substitute any other race for “Whiteness,” it would be obvious how this promotes resentment toward a race or a people.]The materials go on to state: “White Americans often feel a unique sense of entitlement to Americanism, partly because many never travel beyond the borders of the United States.” All of these kinds of racist propaganda are fed to young and impressionable students, who swallow them whole, as illustrated by the rude behavior of some students during an address by Margaret Garcia Dugan and subsequent demonstrations. The education they are receiving, to deal with disagreements in an uncivil manner, will be dysfunctional for them as adults. It becomes the duty of the people of Arizona, through their elected leaders, as authorized by A.R.S. § 15-112, to put a stop to this, and to be sure that taxpayer-funded public schools teach students to treat each other as individuals, and not on the basis of the race they happen to have been born into.These are some examples, that and are not an exhaustive list of the ways in which this course violates ARS § 15-111.

    • Ernie McCray

      What is it you would like me to respond to out of all that? I could write a book. Are you saying that White people can’t be questioned without resentment being a part of it? Are you familiar with Paulo Friere’s work with communities? What does Marxism have to do with anything? He’s a hero of mine who came from a place of love and human respect in everything he did, rallying people to rise out of their self hatred and feeling that they didn’t count  – on to transforming themselves and their communities for the better. This part of your words upon words reminds me of when I was at the U of A in the 50′s working with Students for Equality, taking on the City Council regarding Tucson’s Jim Crow laws and being criticized because one – ONE – of our group was a communist as if that was supposed to mean something sinister. She was an amazingly bright human being who was committed to freedom and justice for all. I had no interest at all in being a communist but I sure wasn’t going to renounce my relationship with her because a bunch of racists and red baiters wanted me to. Nothing you shared in any way warrants the banning of these courses. The State Superintendent of Education’s findings? Please. Does that title keep him from being a thug? How many classes did he sit in? How many times did he gather the students around him to share how he felt and give them an opportunity to express themselves – in their classrooms? I don’t like reducing things down to race as my work involves people of all kinds of races and ethnic groups but I will say this about the “white power structure” – it freaks whenever people of color question anything that they’re about: that’s their definition of “overthrowing the government” when you and I can hardly get the government to fix a pothole let alone get them to wave a white flag in surrender. They make the rules. They define the terminology. They set the tone and the tone in Arizona right now is cold and ugly. And they attack when they feel their power slipping away. And if you mention what they’re doing in a classroom they accuse you of promoting resentment towards white people when the resentment is towards them, specifically, due to their evil deeds. Banning these courses can only be described as evil, as an attack on people who are trying to get closer to a level playing field – through KNOWLEDGE. But it’s amazing just how loving we people of color are considering the circumstances under which we live in this society. Would you be as forgiving and as tolerant if people of color had the power in this country and then banned courses that highlighted all the positive contributions that your ethnic group had made especially if your courses were created, as was Mexican American Studies, to empower you, to make you understand that you are worth being respected as a human being and that you have a right and, indeed, a duty as an American citizen to pursue justice and dignity – for all?